Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Silica–gentamicin nanohybrids: combating antibiotic resistance, bacterial biofilms, and in vivo toxicity

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S182611

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial effects of the materials tested. Notes: ( A ) Agar diffusion assay of the SiO 2 -G nanohybrids (1 mg/mL) and pristine gentamicin (1 mg/mL) against planktonic MRSA cells, highlighting the IZs with dashed red and violet circles, respectively. The inset shows the lack of IZ by pristine gentamicin (25 µg/mL). ( B ) The diameters of IZs. The error bars represent the standard errors of the means. ( C ) MICs of the SiO 2 -G nanohybrids (500 µg/mL) and pristine gentamicin (G, 125 µg/mL) against planktonic MRSA cells, highlighting the clear wells in SiO 2 -G nanohybrids and gentamicin assays with red and violet rectangles, respectively. +C, positive control, an MRSA suspension showing a button of bacterial growth. −C, negative control, uninoculated MHB. Abbreviations: G, gentamicin; IZs, inhibition zones; MHB, Mueller–Hinton broth; MICs, minimum inhibitory concentrations; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; SiO 2 -G, silica–gentamicin.

Article Snippet: The MIC of the SiO 2 -G nanohybrids and pristine gentamicin against planktonic MRSA cells was determined using the broth microdilution method following the guidelines of the CLSI.

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Positive Control, Suspension, Negative Control, Inhibition

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Silica–gentamicin nanohybrids: combating antibiotic resistance, bacterial biofilms, and in vivo toxicity

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S182611

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibiofilm effects of the materials tested. Notes: Mean of log 10 numbers of the viable cells (CFU/peg) in MRSA ( A ) and E. coli ( B ) biofilms counted by spot plating of the dispersed cells from the pegs after neutralization. The error bars represent the standard errors of the means. The data shown are representative of two separate experiments. * P <0.05 and ** P <0.01 indicate significant differences compared with the control using Student’s t -test (two-tailed, unequal variance). Abbreviations: C, control; CFU, colony-forming units; E. coli , Escherichia coli ; G, gentamicin; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; SiO 2 -G, Silica–gentamicin.

Article Snippet: The MIC of the SiO 2 -G nanohybrids and pristine gentamicin against planktonic MRSA cells was determined using the broth microdilution method following the guidelines of the CLSI.

Techniques: Neutralization, Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Silica–gentamicin nanohybrids: combating antibiotic resistance, bacterial biofilms, and in vivo toxicity

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S182611

Figure Lengend Snippet: SEM images of the susceptibility of preformed biofilms to the materials tested. Notes: ( A , B ) MRSA and ( C , D ) E. coli biofilms formed on the pegs of the CBD in the absence (control) or presence of the SiO 2 -G nanohybrids or G, respectively, taken at the magnifications of 5,000× ( A , C ) and 10,000× ( B , D ). Red circles demonstrate the intact ultrastructure of the MRSA biofilms treated with the SiO 2 -G nanohybrids. Violet ellipses demonstrate scattered E. coli cells with a slightly deformed ultrastructure in biofilms treated with G. Abbreviations: CBD, Calgary biofilm device; E. coli , Escherichia coli ; G, pristine gentamicin; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; SEM, scanning electron microscope; SiO 2 -G, silica–gentamicin.

Article Snippet: The MIC of the SiO 2 -G nanohybrids and pristine gentamicin against planktonic MRSA cells was determined using the broth microdilution method following the guidelines of the CLSI.

Techniques: Control, Microscopy